闭包
目录
闭包
定义
- 闭包是由函数以及创建该函数的词法环境组合而成。这个环境包含了这个闭包创建时所能访问的所有局部变量。
实质
- 将函数当作对象处理，栈（Stack）内存没有释放，没有完成GC操作
实例
共享函数定义
function makeAdder(x) {
return function(y) {
return x + y;
};
}
var add5 = makeAdder(5);
var add10 = makeAdder(10);
//在makeAdder中共享函数定义
console.log(add5(2)); // 7
console.log(add10(2)); // 12
模拟私有方法
var makeCounter = function() {
var privateCounter = 0;
function changeBy(val) {
privateCounter += val;
}
return {
increment: function() {
changeBy(1);
},
decrement: function() {
changeBy(-1);
},
value: function() {
return privateCounter;
}
}
};
var Counter1 = makeCounter();
var Counter2 = makeCounter();
console.log(Counter1.value()); /* logs 0 */
Counter1.increment();
Counter1.increment();
console.log(Counter1.value()); /* logs 2 */
Counter1.decrement();
console.log(Counter1.value()); /* logs 1 */
console.log(Counter2.value()); /* logs 0 */解决var作用域问题
<p id="help">Helpful notes will appear here</p>
<p>E-mail: <input type="text" id="email" name="email"></p>
<p>Name: <input type="text" id="name" name="name"></p>
<p>Age: <input type="text" id="age" name="age"></p>
<script>
function showHelp(help) {
document.getElementById('help').innerHTML = help;
}
function setupHelp() {
var helpText = [
{'id': 'email', 'help': 'Your e-mail address'},
{'id': 'name', 'help': 'Your full name'},
{'id': 'age', 'help': 'Your age (you must be over 16)'}
];
for (var i = 0; i < helpText.length; i++) {
var item = helpText[i];
document.getElementById(item.id).onfocus = function() {
showHelp(item.help);
}
}
}
setupHelp();
</script>- 代码运行后，循环在事件触发前执行完毕，item全部指向最后一项
- 解决方案：使用闭包创建私有变量
function showHelp(help) {
document.getElementById('help').innerHTML = help;
}
function setupHelp() {
var helpText = [
{'id': 'email', 'help': 'Your e-mail address'},
{'id': 'name', 'help': 'Your full name'},
{'id': 'age', 'help': 'Your age (you must be over 16)'}
];
for (var i = 0; i < helpText.length; i++) {
(function() {
var item = helpText[i];
document.getElementById(item.id).onfocus = function() {
showHelp(item.help);
}
})(); // 马上把当前循环项的item与事件回调相关联起来
}
}
setupHelp();- ES6 let方案
function showHelp(help) {
document.getElementById('help').innerHTML = help;
}
function setupHelp() {
var helpText = [
{'id': 'email', 'help': 'Your e-mail address'},
{'id': 'name', 'help': 'Your full name'},
{'id': 'age', 'help': 'Your age (you must be over 16)'}
];
for (var i = 0; i < helpText.length; i++) {
let item = helpText[i];
document.getElementById(item.id).onfocus = function() {
showHelp(item.help);
}
}
}
setupHelp();性能问题
使用闭包会加大内存消耗和减慢脚本的处理速度，因此应该尽量避免使用闭包。